FBombs [Inferno bombs] (canon)- Function more like napalm. Minor damage, but a single bomb saturates a huge area with flames dealing intense heat damage over time to everything within. Burning effect lasts considerable length of time. The idea is that they're used against groups of mechs to break them apart, forcing them to flush coolant, preclude using MASC / JJs, or just shut down. Laser weapons are a very unattractive prospect.
Cluster bombs (canon but not as a bomb) - Cluster bombs are air-burst weapons designed to saturate an area in bomblets. Cluster bombs will explode and release their payload when one of two conditions is met, whichever happens first: when they reach a minimum of 150m above-ground-level, or after 3.5 seconds of flight time. In this way, cluster bombs cannot be dropped in a manner that ensures most of the submunitions fall into a very tiny area (doing extreme damage), but lets the pilot drop them for larger area effect if needed. Bombs dropped under 150m will simply hit the ground and dud out. Cluster submunitions do non-specific damage in a modest area, useful for hitting a small group of two to four targets. Cluster bombs are also very effective against Battle Armor, practically killing them instantly.
Dumb bombs (canon) - Dumb bombs have no guidance and carry a simple high-explosive warhead. Dumbfire bombs can only be released from the launcher one-by-one and tend to spread out a small bit in-flight, making them ideal for carpet-bombing. Larger bomber-dedicated ASFs can carry a great many of these weapons.
Precision bomb (non-canon?) - Precision bombs deal high damage to a single target and can only operate in conjunction with a ground spotter. Precision bombs must be released within line-of-sight and within range of an active TAG illumination (this works better is you use my other idea of forcing units to 'lock on' to a TAG signal rather than just firing them whenever and wherever they want). Precision bombs carry very minor flight control surfaces to adjust their path, but the faster they travel the less effective this is. Precision bombs are best used on stationary targets, or targets traveling in a set path. Maneuvering targets will be extremely hard to hit with a precision bomb, and bombs dropped from higher altitudes may take so long to reach the target it would very well have moved, as the bomb will be traveling too fast to rapidly adjust. PBombs have an incredibly tiny but colossally damaging splash radius and very questionable accuracy if released without guidance. If they land within a meter of an enemy they will do incredible damage to that side, capable of blowing legs and arms off of very lightly armored mechs. The quintessential anti-camper weapon.
Air-to-Air Arrow [AAA] and Light Air-to-Air [LAA] missiles (canon) - ASF-mounted missiles that excel at attacking other ASFs. Not much to this - high damage, fast, good tracking. AAAs are massive and do colossal damage but take up a ton of space. LAAs are smaller but, obviously, do less damage and have less range. Effectively, AAAs are the AIM-120s, LAAs are AIM-9s. Locking method should reflect that of the difference between ELRMs and Streak SRMs.
Now - along comes the mechlab! Here's where Aeros get cool. Bombs and missiles are differently-sized, so you could mount, for example, 4 FBombs in the place of 1 PBomb. Prices should also reflect their size (no 'discount' for ammo - the bomb is the weapon so you're paying full price every time). If you dedicated all your rack space to carrying 4 PBombs and tried to Finger-of-God an enemy with them and missed (PBombs have very little splash so missing by more than a few feet would be harmless), you'd be completely bankrupt. This would demand that you carry a mixed loadout to be prepared to use any weapon in any desired situation. So you could, for example on your heavy bomber capable of carrying 4 PBombs, instead rack up 1 PBomb, 4 FBombs, 2 CBombs, and 2 LAAs. A very mixed loadout capable of many roles.
Here's a good question. Why does the Clan Sulla have an IS only weapon such as a Thunderbolt?
Why does the IS Atlas have the only AECMs, which has been mixed-tech since its inception?